تبني
Tabannī
Islam forbids treating an adopted child as one’s own by blood, and urges caring for orphans.
What it means
The Quran says God did not make adopted sons into your sons, and tells people to call them by their fathers’ names (33:4–5). The rule keeps lineage true, and so inheritance and the prohibited degrees of marriage. It does not discourage care. The Prophet said that he and the guardian of an orphan would be “like these two” in Paradise, putting two fingers together (Sahih al-Bukhari).
Often misunderstood as
That the ban shows Islam is hard on orphans.
What the sources say
Muslims practise fostering (kafāla), supporting a child as one’s own and giving him a share by gift or bequest. The Quran adds that the case of Zayd and Zaynab (33:37) was meant to break the old custom that treated an adopted son as a real one.