فرقان
Furqān
“The criterion”: the Quran’s name for itself and for the Torah, and the day of Badr.
What it means
“Blessed is He who sent down the Criterion upon His servant, that he may be a warner to all the worlds” (25:1). “The month of Ramadan in which the Quran was sent down, a guidance for people and clear proofs of guidance and the Criterion” (2:185). God also gave Moses and Aaron the Criterion (21:48), and the day of Badr is “the Day of the Criterion” (8:41). The word means that which separates truth from falsehood, and some scholars say it is a loanword from Aramaic purqānā, “salvation”.