تحكيم
Taḥkīm
Settling a dispute through a neutral third party, which the Quran commends.
What it means
“If you fear a breach between a couple, appoint an arbiter from his family and one from hers; if they desire reconciliation, God will bring them together” (4:35). The Quran also says that “if two groups of the believers fight, make peace between them” (49:9). Arbitration at Siffin between Ali and Muawiya in 657 caused a lasting split, as the Kharijites rejected it.